| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1School of Microbiology, University of New South Wales, PO Box 1, Kensington, N.S.W. 2033, Australia
Received July 1, 1981
Accepted September 16, 1981
The succession of bacterial populations in the large bowel of seven breast-fed and seven formula-fed infants was examined during the first year of life. The composition of the intestinal microflora varied according to the infant's diet. During the first week of life breast-fed and formula-fed infants were colonised by enterobacteria and enterococci followed by bifidobacteria, Bacteroides spp., clostridia and anaerobic streptococci. From week 4 until solid foods were given, breast-fed babies had a simple flora consisting of bifidobacteria and relatively few enterobacteria and enterococci. Formula-fed babies during the corresponding period were more often colonised by other anaerobes in addition to bifidobacteria and had higher counts of facultatively anaerobic bacteria. The introduction of solid food to the breast-fed infants caused a major disturbance in the microbial ecology of the large bowel as counts of enterobacteria and enterococci rose sharply and colonisation by Bacteroides spp., clostridia and anaerobic streptococci occurred. This was not observed when formula-fed infants began to take solids; instead, counts of facultative anaerobes remained high while colonisation by anaerobes other than bifidobacteria continued. At 12 months, the anaerobic bacterial populations of the large bowel of breast-fed and formula-fed infants were beginning to resemble those of adults in number and composition and there was a corresponding decrease in the number of facultative anaerobes. These changes are discussed in relation to changes in susceptibility to gastro-intestinal infection.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. Martin, E. Jimenez, H. Heilig, L. Fernandez, M. L. Marin, E. G. Zoetendal, and J. M. Rodriguez Isolation of Bifidobacteria from Breast Milk and Assessment of the Bifidobacterial Population by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Quantitative Real-Time PCR Appl. Envir. Microbiol., February 15, 2009; 75(4): 965 - 969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Morelli Postnatal Development of Intestinal Microflora as Influenced by Infant Nutrition J. Nutr., September 1, 2008; 138(9): 1791S - 1795S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kalliomaki, M. Carmen Collado, S. Salminen, and E. Isolauri Early differences in fecal microbiota composition in children may predict overweight Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2008; 87(3): 534 - 538. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Shadid, M. Haarman, J. Knol, W. Theis, C. Beermann, D. Rjosk-Dendorfer, D. J Schendel, B. V Koletzko, and S. Krauss-Etschmann Effects of galactooligosaccharide and long-chain fructooligosaccharide supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal microbiota and immunity a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2007; 86(5): 1426 - 1437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Veereman Pediatric Applications of Inulin and Oligofructose J. Nutr., November 1, 2007; 137(11): 2585S - 2589S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Penders, C. Thijs, C. Vink, F. F. Stelma, B. Snijders, I. Kummeling, P. A. van den Brandt, and E. E. Stobberingh Factors Influencing the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Early Infancy Pediatrics, August 1, 2006; 118(2): 511 - 521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. A. Gillespie, S. J. O'Brien, J. A. Frost, C. Tam, D. Tompkins, K. R. Neal, Q. Syed, M. J. G. Farthing, and The Campylobacter Sentinel Surveillance Scheme Col Investigating vomiting and/or bloody diarrhoea in Campylobacter jejuni infection J. Med. Microbiol., June 1, 2006; 55(6): 741 - 746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Nevas, M. Lindstrom, A. Virtanen, S. Hielm, M. Kuusi, S. S. Arnon, E. Vuori, and H. Korkeala Infant Botulism Acquired from Household Dust Presenting as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome J. Clin. Microbiol., January 1, 2005; 43(1): 511 - 513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Woodmansey, M. E. T. McMurdo, G. T. Macfarlane, and S. Macfarlane Comparison of Compositions and Metabolic Activities of Fecal Microbiotas in Young Adults and in Antibiotic-Treated and Non-Antibiotic-Treated Elderly Subjects Appl. Envir. Microbiol., October 1, 2004; 70(10): 6113 - 6122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Updegrove Necrotizing Enterocolitis: the Evidence for Use of Human Milk in Prevention and Treatment J Hum Lact, August 1, 2004; 20(3): 335 - 339. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Lindberg, I. Adlerberth, B. Hesselmar, R. Saalman, I.-L. Strannegard, N. Aberg, and A. E. Wold High Rate of Transfer of Staphylococcus aureus from Parental Skin to Infant Gut Flora J. Clin. Microbiol., February 1, 2004; 42(2): 530 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. B. Lyczak Commensal Bacteria Increase Invasion of Intestinal Epithelium by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Infect. Immun., November 1, 2003; 71(11): 6610 - 6614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Hopkins and G. T. Macfarlane Nondigestible Oligosaccharides Enhance Bacterial Colonization Resistance against Clostridium difficile In Vitro Appl. Envir. Microbiol., April 1, 2003; 69(4): 1920 - 1927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Flickinger, T. F. Hatch, R. C. Wofford, C. M. Grieshop, S. M. Murray, and G. C. Fahey Jr. In Vitro Fermentation Properties of Selected Fructooligosaccharide-Containing Vegetables and In Vivo Colonic Microbial Populations Are Affected by the Diets of Healthy Human Infants J. Nutr., August 1, 2002; 132(8): 2188 - 2194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P V Kirjavainen, T Arvola, S J Salminen, and E Isolauri Aberrant composition of gut microbiota of allergic infants: a target of bifidobacterial therapy at weaning? Gut, July 1, 2002; 51(1): 51 - 55. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. F. Favier, E. E. Vaughan, W. M. De Vos, and A. D. L. Akkermans Molecular Monitoring of Succession of Bacterial Communities in Human Neonates Appl. Envir. Microbiol., January 1, 2002; 68(1): 219 - 226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S Hudault, J Guignot, and A L Servin Escherichia coli strains colonising the gastrointestinal tract protect germfree mice against Salmonella typhimurium infection Gut, July 1, 2001; 49(1): 47 - 55. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M J Hopkins, R Sharp, and G T Macfarlane Age and disease related changes in intestinal bacterial populations assessed by cell culture, 16S rRNA abundance, and community cellular fatty acid profiles Gut, February 1, 2001; 48(2): 198 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. I Mackie, A. Sghir, and H R. Gaskins Developmental microbial ecology of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 1999; 69 (5): 1035S - 1045S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M D. Collins and G. R Gibson Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: approaches for modulating the microbial ecology of the gut Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 1999; 69 (5): 1052S - 1057S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. G. Falk, L. V. Hooper, T. Midtvedt, and J. I. Gordon Creating and Maintaining the Gastrointestinal Ecosystem: What We Know and Need To Know from Gnotobiology Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., December 1, 1998; 62(4): 1157 - 1170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. A. Murdoch Gram-Positive Anaerobic Cocci Clin. Microbiol. Rev., January 1, 1998; 11(1): 81 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S BENGMARK Ecological control of the gastrointestinal tract. The role of probiotic flora Gut, January 1, 1998; 42(1): 2 - 7. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. S. Spika, N. Shaffer, N. Hargrett-Bean, S. Collin, K. L. MacDonald, and P. A. Blake Risk Factors for Infant Botulism in the United States Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, July 1, 1989; 143(7): 828 - 832. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. C. Duffy, M. Riepenhoff-Talty, T. E. Byers, L. J. L. Scolea, M. A. Zielezny, D. M. Dryja, and P. L. Ogra Modulation of Rotavirus Enteritis During Breast-feeding: Implications on Alterations in the Intestinal Bacterial Flora Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, November 1, 1986; 140(11): 1164 - 1168. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | J MED MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL | ALL SGM JOURNALS |
