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J Med Microbiol 58 (2009), 1092-1097; DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.010207-0
© 2009 Society for General Microbiology
ISSN 0022-2615

Reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin of oral streptococci following amoxicillin exposure

H. Chardin1,2, K. Yasukawa1, N. Nouacer3, C. Plainvert2,3, P. Aucouturier4, A. Ergani2,3, V. Descroix5, R. Toledo-Arenas5, J. Azerad5 and A. Bouvet2,3

1 Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, AP-HP, 40 Rue de Mesly, 94000 Créteil, France

2 Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France

3 Service de Microbiologie-Hygiène, Laboratoire Associé au Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, AP-HP, Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France

4 Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, INSERM CIE 4, Paris, France

5 Service d'Odontologie, Hôpital de la Pitié – Salpétrière, AP-HP, Paris, France

Correspondence
H. Chardin
helene.chardin{at}parisdescartes.fr

Received February 9, 2009
Accepted May 6, 2009

As antibiotic pressure often triggers bacterial resistance, the use of short-duration therapies is increasingly recommended. The objective of the present study was to evaluate both the clinical efficiency and the impact on oral streptococci of a 3 day versus a 7 day amoxicillin therapy for odontogenic infection requiring tooth extraction. On day 0, patients were randomly assigned to a 3 day or 7 day amoxicillin treatment. The tooth was extracted on day 2 and the post-operative follow-up was carried out on day 9. Oral flora was collected on days 0, 9 and 30, and the susceptibility of the streptococci to amoxicillin was determined. The results showed that treatment with amoxicillin for 3 or 7 days had a similar clinical efficiency, and also induced similar selection of oral streptococci with reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin, suggesting that the selection of strains with reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin is a rapid phenomenon, appearing even with short-duration therapies.






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