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J Med Microbiol 58 (2009), 163-168; DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.002907-0
© 2009 Society for General Microbiology
ISSN 0022-2615

Membrane transporter proteins are involved in Trichophyton rubrum pathogenesis

Fernanda C. A. Maranhão, Fernanda G. Paião, Ana Lúcia Fachin{dagger} and Nilce M. Martinez-Rossi

Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

Correspondence
Nilce M. Martinez-Rossi
nmmrossi{at}usp.br

Received April 27, 2008
Accepted October 7, 2008

Trichophyton rubrum is a dermatophyte responsible for the majority of human superficial mycoses. The functional expression of proteins important for the initial step and the maintenance of the infection process were identified previously in T. rubrum by subtraction suppression hybridization after growth in the presence of keratin. In this study, sequences similar to genes encoding the multidrug-resistance ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, copper ATPase, the major facilitator superfamily and a permease were isolated, and used in Northern blots to monitor the expression of the genes, which were upregulated in the presence of keratin. A sequence identical to the TruMDR2 gene, encoding an ABC transporter in T. rubrum, was isolated in these experiments, and examination of a T. rubrum {Delta}TruMDR2 mutant showed a reduction in infecting activity, characterized by low growth on human nails compared with the wild-type strain. The high expression levels of transporter genes by T. rubrum in mimetic infection and the reduction in virulence of the {Delta}TruMDR2 mutant in a disease model in vitro suggest that transporters are involved in T. rubrum pathogenicity.

Abbreviations: ABC, ATP-binding cassette; EST, expressed sequence tag; MDR, multidrug resistance; MFS, major facilitator superfamily; SSH, suppression subtractive hybridization.

{dagger}Present address: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the EST sequences of T. rubrum reported in this study are EB086877–EB086879, EB086887 and EH038250.






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