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J Med Microbiol 56 (2007), 1058-1065; DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47138-0
© 2007 Society for General Microbiology
ISSN 1473-5644

Microsatellite markers reveal geographic population differentiation in Trichophyton rubrum

Yvonne Gräser1, Janine Fröhlich1, Wolfgang Presber1 and Sybren de Hoog2

1 Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene (Charité), Humboldt University, Dorotheenstr. 96, D-10117 Berlin, Germany

2 Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, PO Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands

Correspondence
Yvonne Gräser
yvonne.graeser{at}charite.de

Received 22 December 2006
Accepted 26 March 2007

A worldwide selection of more than 200 isolates of the anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum were analysed using seven microsatellite markers. Fifty-five multilocus genotypes were recognized, allowing a subdivision of the species into two populations. Both populations reproduced strictly clonally, showed a different predilection on the human host (scalp vs foot) and displayed geographic differentiation. Genotypes of one population originated predominantly from Africa, whilst the second population showed a worldwide distribution excluding the African continent. Genotypic diversity was highest in the African population, despite the lower number of strains analysed, suggesting that T. rubrum is likely to have evolved in Africa. No diagnostic correlation was observed between multilocus genotypes and any of the phenotypical characteristics of the strains. The involvement of multiple strains in a single patient detected by workers using other typing methods was not supported by these microsatellite markers. Four of the developed microsatellite markers may be applied for diagnostic purposes.

Abbreviations: IA, index of association; MCMC, Markov chain Monte Carlo; MLMT, multilocus microsatellite typing; NTS, non-transcribed spacer; RAPD, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the microsatellite markers determined in this study are AM295312–AM295317.




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