|
|
||||||||
1Medical Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK 2Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
Correspondence Ian R. Poxton I.R.Poxton{at}ed.ac.uk
Received January 15, 2004
Accepted March 17, 2004
Recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is critical in the host defence against Gram-negative infection. While enterobacterial LPS signals via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), it has recently been reported that the LPS of Leptospira interrogans, Legionella pneumophila, Rhizobium species Sin-1 and at least one strain of Porphyromonas gingivalis are capable of signalling via TLR2. Using a TLR transfection assay and measurement of an NF-
B-sensitive promoter region, the results show that the LPS of Bacteroides fragilis NCTC-9343, Chlamydia trachomatis LGV-1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAC-611 also signal via TLR2 and it is pointed out that all TLR2-signalling LPS discovered to date demonstrate relatively weak endotoxicity in some models and structural features distinct from those LPS shown to signal via TLR4.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
M. Alhawi, J. Stewart, C. Erridge, S. Patrick, and I. R. Poxton Bacteroides fragilis signals through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and not through TLR4 J. Med. Microbiol., August 1, 2009; 58(8): 1015 - 1022. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Zhang, J. Han, E. J. Welch, R. D. Ye, T. A. Voyno-Yasenetskaya, A. B. Malik, X. Du, and Z. Li Lipopolysaccharide Stimulates Platelet Secretion and Potentiates Platelet Aggregation via TLR4/MyD88 and the cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Pathway J. Immunol., June 15, 2009; 182(12): 7997 - 8004. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. K. Jones and J. D. Oliver Vibrio vulnificus: Disease and Pathogenesis Infect. Immun., May 1, 2009; 77(5): 1723 - 1733. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Sweet, W. Zhang, H. Torres-Fewell, A. Serianni, W. Boggess, and J. Schorey Mycobacterium avium Glycopeptidolipids Require Specific Acetylation and Methylation Patterns for Signaling through Toll-like Receptor 2 J. Biol. Chem., November 28, 2008; 283(48): 33221 - 33231. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Ramphal, V. Balloy, J. Jyot, A. Verma, M. Si-Tahar, and M. Chignard Control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Lung Requires the Recognition of Either Lipopolysaccharide or Flagellin J. Immunol., July 1, 2008; 181(1): 586 - 592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Lembo, M. Pelletier, R. Iyer, M. Timko, J. C. Dudda, T. E. West, C. B. Wilson, A. M. Hajjar, and S. J. Skerrett Administration of a Synthetic TLR4 Agonist Protects Mice from Pneumonic Tularemia J. Immunol., June 1, 2008; 180(11): 7574 - 7581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. J. Blohmke, R. E. Victor, A. F. Hirschfeld, I. M. Elias, D. G. Hancock, C. R. Lane, A. G. F. Davidson, P. G. Wilcox, K. D. Smith, J. Overhage, et al. Innate Immunity Mediated by TLR5 as a Novel Antiinflammatory Target for Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease J. Immunol., June 1, 2008; 180(11): 7764 - 7773. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Nadal, E. Donant, C. Ribes-Koninckx, M. Calabuig, and Y. Sanz Imbalance in the composition of the duodenal microbiota of children with coeliac disease J. Med. Microbiol., December 1, 2007; 56(12): 1669 - 1674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Hermann Review: Variability of host pathogen interaction Innate Immunity, August 1, 2007; 13(4): 199 - 218. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. E. Cole, K. A. Shirey, E. Barry, A. Santiago, P. Rallabhandi, K. L. Elkins, A. C. Puche, S. M. Michalek, and S. N. Vogel Toll-Like Receptor 2-Mediated Signaling Requirements for Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain Infection of Murine Macrophages Infect. Immun., August 1, 2007; 75(8): 4127 - 4137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. H. Chang, T. Hampartzoumian, B. Everett, A. Lloyd, P. J. McCluskey, and D. Wakefield Changes in Toll-like Receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR4 Expression and Function but Not Polymorphisms Are Associated with Acute Anterior Uveitis Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., April 1, 2007; 48(4): 1711 - 1717. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. T. Fuse, K. Tateda, Y. Kikuchi, T. Matsumoto, F. Gondaira, A. Azuma, S. Kudoh, T. J. Standiford, and K. Yamaguchi Role of Toll-like receptor 2 in recognition of Legionella pneumophila in a murine pneumonia model J. Med. Microbiol., March 1, 2007; 56(3): 305 - 312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Elson, I. Dunn-Siegrist, B. Daubeuf, and J. Pugin Contribution of Toll-like receptors to the innate immune response to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria Blood, February 15, 2007; 109(4): 1574 - 1583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Erridge, O. L. Moncayo-Nieto, R. Morgan, M. Young, and I. R. Poxton Acinetobacter baumannii lipopolysaccharides are potent stimulators of human monocyte activation via Toll-like receptor 4 signalling J. Med. Microbiol., February 1, 2007; 56(2): 165 - 171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Mahanonda, N. Sa-Ard-Iam, P. Montreekachon, A. Pimkhaokham, K. Yongvanichit, M. M. Fukuda, and S. Pichyangkul IL-8 and IDO Expression by Human Gingival Fibroblasts via TLRs J. Immunol., January 15, 2007; 178(2): 1151 - 1157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Q. Wang, R. M. McLoughlin, B. A. Cobb, M. Charrel-Dennis, K. J. Zaleski, D. Golenbock, A. O. Tzianabos, and D. L. Kasper A bacterial carbohydrate links innate and adaptive responses through Toll-like receptor 2 J. Exp. Med., December 25, 2006; 203(13): 2853 - 2863. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. P. Mackern-Oberti, M. Maccioni, C. Cuffini, G. Gatti, and V. E. Rivero Susceptibility of Prostate Epithelial Cells to Chlamydia muridarum Infection and Their Role in Innate Immunity by Recruitment of Intracellular Toll-Like Receptors 4 and 2 and MyD88 to the Inclusion Infect. Immun., December 1, 2006; 74(12): 6973 - 6981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
O. Dehus, T. Hartung, and C. Hermann Endotoxin evaluation of eleven lipopolysaccharides by whole blood assay does not always correlate with Limulus amebocyte lysate assay Innate Immunity, June 1, 2006; 12(3): 171 - 180. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. A. Delgado, J. F. Poschet, and V. Deretic Nonclassical Pathway of Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNA-Induced Interleukin-8 Secretion in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cells. Infect. Immun., May 1, 2006; 74(5): 2975 - 2984. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. B. Mann, D. Wolfe, E. Latz, D. Golenbock, A. Preston, and E. T. Harvill Comparative Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Innate Host Defense to Bordetella Infection Infect. Immun., December 1, 2005; 73(12): 8144 - 8152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Verma, S. K. Arora, S. K. Kuravi, and R. Ramphal Roles of Specific Amino Acids in the N Terminus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Flagellin and of Flagellin Glycosylation in the Innate Immune Response Infect. Immun., December 1, 2005; 73(12): 8237 - 8246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. Zhang, J.-P. Louboutin, D. J. Weiner, J. B. Goldberg, and J. M. Wilson Human Airway Epithelial Cells Sense Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection via Recognition of Flagellin by Toll-Like Receptor 5 Infect. Immun., November 1, 2005; 73(11): 7151 - 7160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. A. Derbigny, M. S. Kerr, and R. M. Johnson Pattern Recognition Molecules Activated by Chlamydia muridarum Infection of Cloned Murine Oviduct Epithelial Cell Lines J. Immunol., November 1, 2005; 175(9): 6065 - 6075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
X. Yang, D. Coriolan, K. Schultz, D. T. Golenbock, and D. Beasley Toll-Like Receptor 2 Mediates Persistent Chemokine Release by Chlamydia pneumoniae-Infected Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 2005; 25(11): 2308 - 2314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Ramphal, V. Balloy, M. Huerre, M. Si-Tahar, and M. Chignard TLRs 2 and 4 Are Not Involved in Hypersusceptibility to Acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infections J. Immunol., September 15, 2005; 175(6): 3927 - 3934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Mancuso, A. Midiri, C. Biondo, C. Beninati, M. Gambuzza, D. Macri, A. Bellantoni, A. Weintraub, T. Espevik, and G. Teti Bacteroides fragilis-Derived Lipopolysaccharide Produces Cell Activation and Lethal Toxicity via Toll-Like Receptor 4 Infect. Immun., September 1, 2005; 73(9): 5620 - 5627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. M. Cerdeno-Tarraga, S. Patrick, L. C. Crossman, G. Blakely, V. Abratt, N. Lennard, I. Poxton, B. Duerden, B. Harris, M. A. Quail, et al. Extensive DNA Inversions in the B. fragilis Genome Control Variable Gene Expression Science, March 4, 2005; 307(5714): 1463 - 1465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Kashimoto, S. Ueno, H. Hayashi, M. Hanajima, K. Yoshioka, K. Yoshida, K. Mutoh, and N. Susa Depletion of lymphocytes, but not neutrophils, via apoptosis in a murine model of Vibrio vulnificus infection J. Med. Microbiol., January 1, 2005; 54(1): 15 - 22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | J MED MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL | ALL SGM JOURNALS |