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J Med Microbiol 53 (2004), 953-958; DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.45685-0
© 2004 Society for General Microbiology
ISSN 0022-2615

Factors affecting the escape of Francisella tularensis from the phagolysosome

Helena Lindgren1, Igor Golovliov1, Vladimir Baranov2, Robert K. Ernst3, Max Telepnev1 and Anders Sjöstedt1

1,2Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Bacteriology1, and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology2, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden 3Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA

Correspondence Anders Sjöstedt anders.sjostedt{at}climi.umu.se

Received March 26, 2004
Accepted June 28, 2004

The highly virulent bacterium Francisella tularensis is well adapted to the intracellular habitat but the mechanisms behind its intracellular survival have been elusive. Recently, it was shown that the bacterium is capable of escaping from the phagosome of human and mouse monocytic cells. Here it is shown that this escape is affected by gamma interferon (IFN-{gamma}) treatment of mouse peritoneal exudate cells since in treated cells the proportion that escaped was significantly lower (80 %) than in untreated cells (97 %) as determined by transmission electron microscopy. By contrast, < 1 % of mutant bacteria lacking expression of a 23 kDa protein denoted IglC were able to escape from the phagosome. Infection with the {Delta}iglC strain complemented with the iglC gene resulted in 60 % of the bacteria escaping from the phagosome. Whereas IFN-{gamma} treatment conferred a static effect on intracellular wild-type bacteria, the treatment had a bactericidal effect on the {Delta}iglC strain. The results show that the activation status of infected cells affects the escape of F. tularensis from the phagosome. An even more profound effect on this escape is related to expression of IglC by F. tularensis. Its absence rendered the mutant bacteria incapable of escaping from the phagosome and of multiplying intracellularly.

Abbreviations: IFN-{gamma}, gamma interferon; PECs, peritoneal exudate cells.




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