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J Med Microbiol 52 (2003), 731-740; DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.05122-0
© 2003 Society for General Microbiology
ISSN 0022-2615

Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate is refractory to Th1 immune response and impedes host immune clearance in a mouse model of acute lung infection

Zhijun Song1,2, Hong Wu2, Oana Ciofu2, Kok-Fai Kong1, Niels Høiby2, Jørgen Rygaard3, Arsalan Kharazmi2 and Kalai Mathee1,2

1Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA 2Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark 3Bartholin Institute, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark

Correspondence Kalai Mathee matheek{at}fiu.edu

Received November 15, 2002
Accepted April 4, 2003

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic respiratory pathogen that accounts for most of the morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In CF-affected lungs, the bacteria undergo conversion from a non-mucoid to a non-tractable mucoid phenotype, due to overproduction of alginate. The effect of alginate production on pathogenicity was investigated by using an acute lung infection mouse model that compared a non-mucoid P. aeruginosa strain, PAO1, to its constitutive alginate-overproducing derivative, Alg+ PAOmucA22, and an alginate-defective strain, Alg- PAOalgD. Bacterial suspensions were instilled into the left bronchus and examined 24 and 48 h post-infection. The highest bacterial loads and the most severe lung pathology were observed with strain Alg- PAOalgD at 24 h post-infection, which may have been due to an increase in expression of bacterial elastase by the mutant. Significantly lower lung and spleen bacterial loads were found in the two non-mucoid (PAO1 and Alg- PAOalgD) groups, compared to the mucoid Alg+ PAOmucA22 group, between 24 and 48 h post-infection. The positive correlation between lung bacteriology and lung macroscopic pathology in the Alg+ PAOmucA22 group suggests that alginate production not only impedes pulmonary clearing, but also results in severe lung damage. Positive correlations between IL12 levels and lung macroscopic pathology, and between IL12 and IFN-{gamma} levels in the Alg+ PAOmucA22 group, suggested a possible contribution of these pro-inflammatory cytokines to tissue damage. No significant differences were found between the three groups in lung cytokine responses at 24 or 48 h post-infection. However, on comparison within each group at 24 and 48 h post-infection, a significant increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-{gamma} was observed. Higher ratios of IFN-{gamma}/IL4 and IFN-{gamma}/IL10, but lower IL10 levels, were also found in all three groups. These results indicate a Th1-predominated immune response in these animals. Such cytokine responses could have aided the clearance of non-mucoid P. aeruginosa, but were not sufficient to alleviate infection by the mucoid variants. Alginate production may promote survival and persistence of this pathogenic micro-organism in the lung.

Abbreviations: CF, cystic fibrosis; LIMP, lung index of macroscopic pathology; MN, mononuclear leukocyte; PMN, polymorphonuclear cell.




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