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J Med Microbiol 52 (2003), 403-408; DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.05132-0
© 2003 Society for General Microbiology
ISSN 0022-2615

Expression stability of six housekeeping genes: a proposal for resistance gene quantification studies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by real-time quantitative RT-PCR

Hakan Savli1, Aynur Karadenizli2, Fetiye Kolayli2, Sibel Gundes3, Ugur Ozbek4 and Haluk Vahaboglu3

1–3Tibbi Biyoloji AD1, Mikrobiyoloji ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji AD2 and Enfeksiyon Hastaliklari ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji AD3, Kocaeli Universitesi, Tip Fakultesi, Sopali Ciftligi, 41900 Kocaeli, Turkey 4Genetik AD, DETAE, Istanbul Universitesi, Istanbul, Turkey

Correspondence Haluk Vahaboglu vahabo{at}hotmail.com

Received November 22, 2002
Accepted January 28, 2003

Constantly expressed genes are used as internal controls in relative quantification studies. Suitable internal controls for such studies have not yet been defined for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, the genes ampC, fabD, proC, pbp-2, rpoD and rpoS of P. aeruginosa were compared in terms of expression stability by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. A total of 23 strains with diverse resistance phenotypes were studied. Stability of expression among the housekeeping genes was assessed on the basis of correlation coefficients, with the best-correlated pair accepted as being the most stable one. Eventually, proC and rpoD formed the most stable pair (r = 0.958; P < 0.001). Next, in four ciprofloxacin-selected nfxC-like mutants, levels of oprD, oprM and oprN mRNA were compared with those of their wild-type counterparts. The comparison was made after correcting the raw values by the geometric mean of the internal control genes proC and rpoD. The level of oprN mRNA was significantly up-regulated, while the oprD gene was down-regulated (although this difference was statistically insignificant), in the mutants. This expression pattern was consistent with that of the expected expression profile of nfxC-type mutants; this experiment therefore lends further support to the use of proC and rpoD genes simultaneously as internal controls for such studies.


Abbreviation: MH, Mueller–Hinton.




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