HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Reinert, R. R. Articles by Lütticken, R. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Reinert, R. R. Articles by Lütticken, R. Agricola Articles by Reinert, R. R. Articles by Lütticken, R.

Characterization of German penicillin non-susceptible serotype 23F pneumococci using multilocus sequence typing

¹Institute of Medical Microbiology, National Reference Center for Streptococci, University Hospital, D-52057 Aachen, Germany ²Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK ³Department of Microbiology, University of Oxford, and Department of Public Health & Primary Care, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK ⁴Institute of Microbiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany

Correspondence Ralf René Reinert Reinert{at}rwth-aachen.de

Received February 10, 2003
Accepted July 18, 2003

Three nationwide multicentre studies (n = 5071) showed an increase in antibiotic resistance in pneumococci in Germany. Serotype 23F was the predominant serotype (n = 45, 22.4 %), followed by 6B (n = 30, 14.9 %) and 9V (n = 19, 9.5 %). Multilocus sequence typing was used to characterize 45 serotype 23F strains with reduced penicillin susceptibility. The Spanish^23F-1 clone [profile 4-4-2-4-4-1-1, sequence type (ST) 81] contributes significantly to the emergence of penicillin resistance in Germany (n = 21, 46.7 % of all penicillin non-susceptible serotype 23F isolates). Isolates of ST 277 (profile 7-13-8-6-6-12-8), which has been found previously in the Netherlands, are also observed, particularly in western Germany (n = 8, 17.8 %). A high proportion of strains (n = 11, 24.4 %) have sequence types that have not been reported to date from other countries (STs 353–362). The major penicillin-resistant clones are present in Germany, a country with relatively low levels of ß-lactam resistance.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. G. G. de la Pedrosa, M.-I. Morosini, M. van der Linden, P. Ruiz-Garbajosa, J. C. Galan, F. Baquero, R. R. Reinert, and R. Canton Polyclonal Population Structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Spain Carrying mef and mef plus erm(B) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., June 1, 2008; 52(6): 1964 - 1969. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Al-Lahham, P. C. Appelbaum, M. van der Linden, and R. R. Reinert Telithromycin-Nonsusceptible Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Europe Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., November 1, 2006; 50(11): 3897 - 3900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. R. Reinert, A. Ringelstein, M. van der Linden, M. Y. Cil, A. Al-Lahham, and F.-J. Schmitz Molecular Epidemiology of Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Europe J. Clin. Microbiol., March 1, 2005; 43(3): 1294 - 1300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]