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Induction of interleukin-10 and down-regulation of cytokine production by Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule in mice with pulmonary infection

KANAKO YOSHIDA, TETSUYA MATSUMOTO^*, KAZUHIRO TATEDA^*, KOU UCHIDA, SHIRO TSUJIMOTO and KEIZO YAMAGUCHI^*

Second Department of Internal Medicine, *Department of Microbiology, and Department of Hospital Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Corresponding author: Dr K. Yoshida (e-mail: kanako{at}med.toho-u.ac.jp).

Received 27 Sept. 2000; accepted 8 Nov. 2000.

Abstract

The role of the capsule of Klebsiella pneumoniae in inducing cytokine production was investigated by comparing the responses of mice with experimentally induced pneumonia caused by capsulate (strain DT-S) or non-capsulate (mutant strain DT-X) K. pneumoniae. Anaesthetised ICR mice were inoculated intranasally. Whereas all DT-S-infected mice died within 3 days, no deaths were observed in DT-X-infected mice by 14 days after infection. During the early stage of infection, interferon- (IFN-) levels in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of DT-X-infected mice were significantly higher than those in DT-S-infected mice. In contrast, in the late stage of infection, serum levels of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IFN- in DT-S-infected mice were significantly higher than those in DT-X-infected mice. Levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in BALF and serum of DT-S-infected mice were significantly and persistently higher than those of DT-X-infected mice. The IL-10/TNF- (tumour necrosis factor-) ratios in BALF and serum indicated that higher levels of IL-10 production were induced in mice infected with strain DT-S than in those infected with strain DT-X. The results suggest that the capsule of K. pneumoniae may induce IL-10 production at the site of infection and, thereafter, these high IL-10 levels may serve to down-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

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