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Prevalence of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes and CDT production in Campylobacter spp. isolated from Danish broilers

DANG D. BANG, FLEMMING SCHEUTZ^*, PETER AHRENS, KARL PEDERSEN, JENS BLOM and MOGENS MADSEN

Department of Poultry, Fish, and Fur Animals, Danish Veterinary Laboratory, Hangøvej 2, DK-8200 Aarhus N, *International Escherichia and Klebsiella Center (WHO), Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Department of Microbiology, Danish Veterinary Laboratory, Bulowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V and Department of Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark

Corresponding author: Dr D.D. Bang (e-mail: ddb{at}svs.dk).

Received 20 Dec. 2000; revised version received 15 June 2001; accepted 20 June 2001.

Abstract

The pathogenesis of campylobacter infection in man is largely unknown, although cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) has been incriminated as a virulence factor. However, little is known about the cdt genes in Campylobacter spp. isolated from broiler chickens. A total of 350 cloacal swabs was collected and tested by conventional culture and PCR. Of the 114 Campylobacter isolates obtained, 101 (88.6%) were identified as C. jejuni and 13 (11.4%) as C. coli by conventional methods. cdt genes were detected by PCR in all the isolates except one C. jejuni isolate. Cytotoxic effects were produced in a Vero cell line, by 100 of the C. jejuni isolates. In contrast, 10 C. coli isolates produced much lower levels of toxin and 3 produced no detectable toxin. These results confirm the common occurrence of campylobacter infection in chickens and indicate that cdt genes are commonly present in both C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from broilers, but that there are distinct differences in CDT production in these two closely related species.

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