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Pathogenesis of alphavirus infection as demonstrated by infection of ECV 304 transformed human umbilical vein capillary endothelial cells with Semliki Forest virus

Institute for Applied Cell Culture, Balanstrasse 6, D-8000 Munich, Germany

Received March 26, 1992 Revision received November 29, 1992.
Accepted November 29, 1992

Summary. Routes of alphaviral entry have been studied with the transformed human endothelial vein cell line ECV 304. This cell line can be cultured on tissue culture inserts which permits apical (lumenal) and basolateral (ablumenal) cell surfaces to be infected and observed separately. Semliki Forest Virus (SFV), a prototype alphavirus, was able to infect and replicate from both the apical and basolateral sides. Transcytosis is not the route by which SFV passes the endothelial cell barrier as demonstrated by polarised infection of junctionally tight ECV monolayers in which translation was inhibited. A "grow-through" replication may play a role in SFV pathogenesis. Infected ECV cells produced interfering substances that inhibited viral infection. Higher multiplicities of infection resulted in infection and complete destruction of the monolayer.

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