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The Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol 25, Issue 4 279-283, Copyright © 1988 by Society for General Microbiology

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Estimation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae antitoxin in human sera: a comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the toxin neutralisation test

M. Melville-Smith and A. Balfour
Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Herts.

Serum samples from 101 individuals were titrated for Corynebacterium diphtheriae antitoxin by an IgG-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralisation test in tissue culture (TC). In some of the sera, the concentrations of antitoxin determined by the two assays were different; antitoxin values in these sera were titrated again by neutralisation tests in guinea pigs (GNT). Antitoxin concentrations of greater than 0.01 IU/ml by GNT partly corresponded to values obtained in both ELISA and TC. Only the values from TC agreed with lower GNT results. Heat inactivation of sera was investigated and rejected as a possible reason for the discrepancy in the results. ELISA can be used to detect levels of less than 0.1 IU/ml, although the accuracy below 0.01 IU/ml, often considered a protective level, is questionable. At higher levels ELISA was reproducible for the titration of diphtheria antitoxin in human sera and offers a useful alternative to both in-vivo assays and TC.


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