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The Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol 19, Issue 2 137-147, Copyright © 1985 by Society for General Microbiology

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated at an Australian hospital between 1946 and 1981

M. T. Gillespie, J. W. May and R. A. Skurray

A total of 517 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated at a hospital in Melbourne, Australia between 1946 and 1981 was examined for resistance to a range of antimicrobial agents and for the presence of plasmid DNA. The use of mixed-culture transfer and restriction endonuclease analysis showed that the determinants for resistance to penicillin and to the heavy metals were carried by several related plasmids of (15-23) X 10(6) mol. wt, and that tetracycline resistance was encoded on a plasmid of 2.8 X 10(6) mol. wt in strains isolated before 1970. These phenotypes were chromosomally encoded in the majority of strains isolated thereafter. Resistance to chloramphenicol throughout the study period was plasmid-mediated. Of five aminoglycoside-resistance phenotypes, one was plasmid-mediated and three were chromosomally encoded. The remaining phenotype, specifying low-level gentamicin resistance, was found to be located on the chromosome of early isolates, but in later strains was borne by an 18 X 10(6) mol. wt plasmid which also encoded resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds.


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