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J Med Microbiol 11 (1978), 155-164; DOI: 10.1099/00222615-11-2-155
© 1978 Society for General Microbiology
ISSN 0022-2615
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Effect of firm agar on the swarming of Proteus and Clostridium species and on the colonies of clinically important bacteria (Plates IX–XI)

NANCY J. HAYWARD, G. M. INCLEDON and JENNIFER E. SPRAGG

Department of Microbiology, Monash University Medical School, Prahran, 3181, Australia

Received September 6, 1977
Accepted October 12, 1977

Firm agar media containing 3-6% agar-three times the concentration of agar in routine media-inhibited the swarming of 167 strains of Proteus mirabilis and 14 strains of Proteus vulgaris incubated in air. The swarming of P. mirabilis was also prevented by firm agar when incubation was anaerobic, provided that a negative pressure of 600-650 mm of mercury was generated in the removal of air from jars before admitting hydrogen for the palladium-catalysed removal of residua] traces of oxygen. When a negative pressure of only 300 mm of mercury was generated there was a tendency for colonies of P. mirabilis to develop outgrowths after incubation for 2 days. Firm agar inhibited the swarming of Clostridium tetani and Clostridium septicum.

As judged by a viable-count method, firm agar medium permitted the growth of maximal numbers of colonies for all organisms tested except Clostridium chauwei; the organisms included Clostridium oedematiens, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Precautions necessary for the preparation of firm agar media are defined. Colonies of a number of bacterial species on firm agar are described and illustrated. Firm agar media, being applicable to all bacteria with swarming colonies and practically non-inhibitory to other bacteria, are recommended for the isolation of bacteria from clinical specimens that may contain swarmers.






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